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From: "Ian Symonds" <>
Subject: Re: [NORCO] Port Macquarie register - look up please
Date: Fri, 25 May 2007 21:37:18 +1000
References: <463AE05B.2050009@austarnet.com.au><014501c78e3b$bd44b600$0101a8c0@ian09uay5j2em1><003901c78e53$fb73f9a0$0201a8c0@6x6><001301c78e99$6b5ee4b0$0101a8c0@ian09uay5j2em1><003a01c79eac$2a50a440$0200a8c0@david238e58fee>


Warren, Part one of my reply Ian
Warren, This is the first part of my reply to your query. Please be aware
that some info has been obtained from the WWW. Ian

Warren,

No Gilby.. Ian

HUNTER, Duncan. Per "Guildford", 1822

1822 Jul 24

On list of convicts landed from the "Guildford" and forwarded to Windsor for
distribution (Reel 6009; 4/3506 p.75[ii])

1823

On list of convicts maintained by William Cox free of expense to the Crown
in 1823 (Reel 6059; 4/1773 p.159a)

1823 Apr 30

On list of convicts in the employ of William Cox of Clarendon and his two
sons George & Henry (Fiche 3062; 4/1834B No.73 p.469)

1824 Apr

On return of settlers men punished in the County of Westmoreland (Reel 6023;
4/6671 p.115)

1824 Jun

Runaway. On return of prisoners punished at Bathurst (Reel 6023; 4/6671
p.13)

1824 Jul 9

On lists of prisoners transported to Port Macquarie per "Lady Nelson" (Reel
6019; 4/3864 pp.164, 480-1)

1824 Aug 27

On list of prisoners lately received at Bathurst (Reel 6028; 2/8283 p.107)

HUNTER, Duncan "Guioldford" Involved in breakout at Pt M 2 Jun 1825





In using this archive material and the two reports from the Sydney
Gazette, (an official government newspaper), do not suppose that because
these are the records of the colonial state, that they represent a 'true'
version of events. Indeed, some inaccuracies can easily be spotted. However,
more important is that it can be argued that these records are very much an
example of what Foucault has called a power/knowledge discourse. Seen in
this light, they are extremely valuable evidence, for they reveal the mind
and purpose of the state and its officials as well as further glimpses of
the Port Macquarie convicts, ways in which they collaborated with or
resisted authority, and the high price they paid for absconding, many being
shot dead in the bush. Paula Jane Byrne's Criminal Law and Colonial Subject;
New South Wales 1810-1830 will be useful. Chapters 2 and 5-8, will be
extremely helpful in assisting interpretation of Passages from the Life of a
"Lifer" and these selected documents, which provide another perspective on a
particular important episode in his life. They do reveal that his account of
the June 1825 mass escape and subsequent events at Port Macquarie is
carefully tailored in a number of respects, especially about the breaking
and entering of T.A. Scott's house, the robbery with violence from it and
the threats uttered against his overseer, constable and servant. The
documents illustrating the management of the criminal proceedings by the
Attorney-General of New South Wales fit perfectly the pattern indicated by
Byrne in chapter 5 of her book.

Internal links:




1. Outbreaks from Port Macquarie on 1 & 2 February 1825.

2. Depositions concerning the June 1825 Outbreak at Port Macquarie

3. The organisation of the prosecution and defense of the ringleaders
of the June 1825 Outbreak at Port Macquarie

4. Report of the trial of Goff, Brooks and Banks in Sydney Gazette,
Thursday, 8 December 1825.

5. Letter from T.A. Scott in the Sydney Gazette, Thursday December 8
1825.



1. Outbreaks from Port Macquarie on 1 & 2 February 1825.(top)

From Archives Office of New South Wales, Sydney: Supreme Court of New
South Wales, Clerk of the Peace, SC T21, No 25/190, tried 2 December 1825.
Rex v. Gough, Banks & Brooks and others. Gillman, Henry

To Frederick Goulburn Esq. Colonial Secretary [of New South Wales] etc
etc

From - Henry Gillman, Commandant's Office, Port Macquarie, 8 February
1825.

Sir,

John Banks (Shipley)

Thomas Owen

(Asia)

Duncan Hunter

Guil[d]ford)

Thomas Brooks

(Hebe)

Willm. Davenport

(Princes Royal)

[William Hodges]








Andrew Hynes

(Daphne)

____________

____________

Edward Madden

(Countess Harcourt)

Michael Donelly

(Daphne)

Moses Harper

(Eliza)

a Respite
I have the honor to inform you that six crown Prisoners (as per Margin)
attached to the Stockyard Establishment at this Settlement on the 2nd Inst.
waylaid and seized the Constable and Man in charge of the day's Provisions
they were conveying out to the Stockmen's Huts (a distance of rather more
than a Mile from the Town:) the former of whom, they dragged some distance
in an adjoining brush, tied to a stump, beat and very ill used; and they
absconded with the rations to the Bush. -

As such an Outrage called for prompt Measures, I ordered two of the
Military accompanied by a native bush constable, in pursuit; who overtook
the Offenders some miles distant. The Prisoners, when first discovered, were
repeatedly called on to surrender: this they refused to do, and made towards
a deep Scrub, when the Party fired at them, killed William Hodges, and
wounded William Davenport, who is now in Hospital and not expected to
survive. It is supposed that two others were either wounded or killed; but
the remaining four have not yet been fallen in with.

I have also to report that the Prisoner Andrew Hynes, who was Mr Scott
's principal Overseer, deserted to the Bush on the 1st Inst. under
circumstances of great aggravation; having taken with him, four other
Prisoners (as per Margin) and carried off a great Part of his Gang's weekly
rations, with a Government Musket some ammunition, and two or three Kangaroo
dogs.

As a belief prevails amongst the Prisoners at this Station, that
Runaways from hence, who reach Port-Stevens or Newcastle, are retained at
this latter Settlement and not sent to Head-quarters; it is desirable, that
an opinion so prejudicial to the maintenance of good Order at this place
should be done away with as early as possible; and I therefore beg leave,
again to urge the necessity of having all deserters from this Station
returned here for punishment: as such a Measure, I am certain, by destroying
their hopes of meeting with a change (the principal motive that actuates a
Runaway) will prevent so frequent a repetition of the Offence. -

I have the honor to request, if Hynes should be apprehended at
Newcastle or at Head-quarters, that, he particularly, may be returned to
this settlement; as the notoriety of his offence, here call for a severe and
Public Reprehension.


I have the honor to be, Sir -

Your Most Obedt. Servt: -

H. Gillman

Commandt.

Since writing the above the four stockmen have been brought in - H.G.

Approved F.[rederick] G.[oulburn]



2. Depositions concerning the June 1825 Outbreak at Port Macquarie
(top)

From Archives Office of New South Wales, Sydney: Supreme Court of New
South Wales, Clerk of the Peace, SC T131, 25/190 tried 2 December 1825

I. Deposition taken before Captain Henry Gillman 3rd Regiment, or
Buffs, one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace in and for the Territory
of New South Wales and Commandant at His Majesty's Settlement of Port
Macquarie this 13th. day of June 1825.

The King agt. John Gough John Banks Thos. Brooks Davd. Charlton -
Prisoners of the Crown.

The Prisoners Charged with forcibly entering the Dwelling House of Mr
Thomas A. Scott at Prospect on the bank of the river "Hastings" on Thursday
the 2nd. day of June instant, and putting in bodily fear the said Thomas A.
Scott, James Schofield, and John Cozener and Stealing therefrom sundry
wearing apparel etc. the property of the said Scott, Arms, various stores
and provisions the property of the Crown. Also Charged with entering the
said Dwelling armed on Saturday the 4th. of June instant, putting in bodily
fear Thomas Matthews and John Cozener and Stealing therefrom sundry articles
of public and private property.

Thomas A. Scott, Superintendent of the Sugar Plantation at Port
Macquarie being duly sworn deposed. On Thursday morning the 2nd June instant
about the break of day while asleep in the dwelling which I occupy at
Prospect, my Servant James Schofield awoke me, saying that the prisoners,
Gough, Banks, Brooks and Charlton were endeavouring to break into the house,
while I was searching for my Cutlass Gough broke open the window, and with
assistance made his entry therein with a knife in his hand: the first thing
he demanded was a Musket, not finding it, he took the cutlass from the
bedside, commanded the Servant to open the door, and when Banks and Brooks
entered the house, he gave the cutlass to the latter. Gough then took the
Watch belonging to me which was hanging on the fire place ordered the
Servant to light a lamp and demanded to know where the provisions lay: they
then took a quantity of flour belonging to myself, the Constable and
Overseer, besides some Hemp, Knives and razors government property with All
the wearing apparel that was in my box. - in consequence of my Servant
delaying to make a light, Brooks stood over him with the Cutlass in a
menacing attitude. they remained in the house about 10 or 15 minutes and on
leaving it said they had a great party to join from the plains and that they
intended to murder Keegan one of my Overseers [illegible name here in the
original manuscript] an Overseer of the Agricultural Establishment. I am
decidedly of opinion that had I offered resistance after they came into the
house they would have sacrificed myself and my Servant to effect their
purpose. they signified they were sensible of the consequences of what they
were about, and therefore would have no delay or nonsense. during my absence
on Saturday the 4th June inst. the same gang with increased numbers returned
and stripped the place of all they could find suitable to their purpose.

Thomas A. Scott

Sworn before me at Port Macquarie

aforesaid the day and year above

Henry Gillman J.P.



The King

versus

Jno Gough

Jno Banks

Thos Brooks

Davd. Charlton




No. 1

Mr Scott's evidence [as above]



No 2 - Jas. Schofield's evidence

James Schofield a prisoner of the Crown and Servant to Mr Thomas A.
Scott of Port Macquarie being duly sworn deposed - On thursday morning the
2nd. of June instant at day break being alarmed by a noise I looked out of
the door of the house occupied by my master when I observed the Prisoners
Gough, Banks, Brooks and Charlton approaching towards it. I shut the door
when the Prisoners immediately endeavoured to force it open failing in this
they forced in the window and Gough assisted by others made his entrance
thereat with a knife in his hand, he first demanded a Musket, not obtaining
it, he immediately took a Cutlass from the foot of my masters [sic ] bed,
and in a menacing manner ordered me to open the door to admit the rest of
the gang, which I felt obliged to do conceiving my life would otherwise be
endangered. Banks and Brooks then entered, who with Gough immediately opened
my master's writing desk and Boxes which they pillaged of every thing which
answered their purpose, they also took all the Provisions with some hemp,
Knives, and Razors, the property of the Crown. Gough said he "knew the
consequence of what he was doing and that he would have no nonsense'. I am
positive had I offered any resistance they would have taken my life. during
the whole of this proceeding Charlton remained outside guarding Overseer
Cozener, I saw him so employed and afterwards assisting him [i.e. Gough] to
carry away the plunder.

Sworn before me at

Port Macquarie aforesaid

the day and year above written

H. Gillman J.P.



No. 3 - John Cozener's Evidence

John Cozener a Prisoner of the Crown and an Overseer at the Plantation
Establishment being duly sworn Deposed. On the morning of Thursday the 2nd.
of June instant at break of day, I was going from my hut to let the men out
of Barracks, on my way I was intercepted by the Prisoners Gough, Banks,
Brooks, and Charlton who surrounded me the three former held knives in their
hands the latter a bludgeon and all threatened if I gave the least alarm
they would murder me. Gough, Banks and Brooks went towards Mr. Scott's house
near to which Charlton remained to guard me with his bludgeon. Gough Banks &
Brooks first endeavoured to break in at the door by rushing at it but
finding it secure they went to the window and broke it open - Gough
immediately entered the house thro the window, soon after which the door was
opened and Banks and Brooks went in, Gough had a Knife in his hand and was
assisted in at the window by Banks and Brooks, I saw a quantity of property
brought out by them and in Gough's possession a Watch belonging to Mr.
Scott. I have reason to believe that had any resistance been offered to them
they would have committed murder - On the Saturday following the 4th instant
I was in the said house when the four prisoners with increased numbers again
entered - it was between 10 & 11 o'clock the door was open and they came
into the house and demanded rations Gough had a Cutlass in his hand, the
rest some had knives and others bludgeons; they plundered the house of
everything they could find when they went to take the boat, they told
Matthews the Constable if he did not come out they would take his life. they
then went down the river hurraing "Death or Liberty". I was Kept guarded
during his period but by none of the Prisoners now before the Court.

Sworn before me at

Port Macquarie aforesaid

the day and year above written

H. Gillman J.P.



No. 4 Thos. Matthews' evidence

Thomas Matthews a Prisoner of the Crown and a Constable on the
Plantation Establishment at Port Macquarie being duly sworn deposed - I was
not at Mr Scott's when his place was entered and plundered by some runaways
on the 2nd. Inst. but on the 4th. Inst. the following Saturday in the
morning about nine o'Clock, the four Prisoners, Gough, Banks, Brooks and
Charlton with some others came up to the place and entered the house where I
was. - Gough with a Cutlass in one hand, and a Knife about a foot long in
the other, threatened to take my Life if I made the least resistance for
depriving him, as he said, of a Musket and a Pound of Powder the day before:
Gough then stood over me with the point of the knife within an inch of my
breast and the cutlass in his right hand drawn ready to strike, and sent the
rest of the men to plunder the House of the Provisions, but after some time,
thinking they did not do this properly, he placed Banks over me to whom he
gave the cutlas, [sic] and then went himself to superintend the plundering.
they particularly searched for some Scythes, which Mr. Scott had ordered me
to hide, as he expected they would make a second attack. - They afterwards
found four oars; and the whole gang consisting of eight persons took the
Boat and went down the River, giving three cheers and crying 'death of
Liberty' - Clancy (afterwards shot by the military) was the first person who
cried out, he was then joined by the whole of them. When they were going
away they said they were to meet another Gang, but I do not know whether
from the Plains or the respites that had run from the settlement. - I am
positive that Gough would have taken my Life, as he rushed at me with a
Knife, only that Clancy called to him not to do so unless I made a
resistance. Gough on his going away threatened to kill the Overseer Keegan.



Thomas + Mathews [sic ]

mark



Sworn before me at

Port Macquarie aforesaid

the day and year above written

H. Gillman J.P.



Undated, unsigned & unadressed notes of prisoners' statements
concerning the outbreak, the first, second and fourth apparently made at the
instigation of John Goff, the third at the instigation of Thomas Brooks:

David Charlton (called by Gough the prisoner) recollects this morning
the window was open - Scott sd. do not hurt us - Gough replied we want
provisions but will not hurt you - Welsh fell in the creek etc? the watch
was spoiled that was the first time he saw it. -

[William] Valler - Gough gave me the Watch I told him to give it to
Mr. Scott it was no good it had been in the water. -

Patk. Whalan (called by Gough) prisr. gave me a pr. of trowsers & told
me to put them on he then desired me to take them off & give them to Cozens
[Cozener?] -

Hy. Hayes (called by Brooks) - claims the protection of the Co[ur]t.
as he shall implicate himself.

Thos. Allcock - [no statement written]








3. Documents illustrating organisation of the prosecution and defense
of the ringleaders of the June 1825 Outbreak at Port Macquarie (top)




From Archives Office of New South Wales, Sydney: Supreme Court of New
South Wales, Clerk of the Peace, SC T131, 25/190 tried 2 December 1825





David Charlton, H.M. Gaol Sydney, 26 Nov. 1825 to Sax[e] Bannister,
Attorney General of New South Wales:

Honored Sir,

In my present unfortunate situation, One which I have been reluctantly
brought into by Gough and his associates by forcibly obliging me to leave
the settlement at Portmaquarie [sic ] and Serve them - I beg leave to
Acquaint you of the Robberies which I have been concerned in with them and
the names of all the persons cennected therewith. The first Robbery that was
Committed, was on Mr. Scott, and the persons concerned therein were Edward
[sic ] Brooks, John Banks, John Gough and myself - and the Second Robbery
was also on Mr. Scott - when Edward [sic ] Brooks, John Banks, John Gough,
Wm. Walsh, - Clancey - Patk. Whelan, John Roan and myself where Concerned,
there was a Watch taken at this Robbery, which was Sold to one William
Valler - who with Walsh and Whelan [sic ] are Subponed [sic ] as evidence on
behalf of Gough who was the principal [and] will if possible get out,
himself and involve others for his Vilany [sic ] - hoping you will pardon me

in this presumption -



I am honored Sir

Your most Obt Hble Servt

David Charleton [sic ]







Memorial [undated] of John Goff or Gough to the Chief Justice of New
South Wales:

To Francis Forbes Esq. His Majesty's Chief Justice or His Honor Judge
Stephen

In and for the territory of New South Wales

The Respectful Memorial of John Gough, Humbly Sheweth,

That your memorialist wished to relate Verbally the usage and Tyranny
that he had gone through at the different, Penal Settlements of New South
Wales and wished to inform Your Honor that it is the only Instigation that
has brought me to this unfortunate Dilema

Hoping your Honor will Excuse the Intrusion of your Humble
Memorialist, hoping Your Honor will not refute the Priviledge that I at
present Request,

And Memorialist in Duty bound will ever Pray.





Saxe Bannister, Attorney General of New South Wales, Macquarie Street,
Sydney to W.H. Moore, Solicitor and King's Coroner / Master of the Crown
Office, Sydney, 12 September 1825:

"Goff and the three other men are to be tried on Wednesday for Robbing
a Dwelling House at Port Macquarie, putting James Schofield in fear - 1 or 2
June - stealing a boat 4 June - The witnesses are warned & notice sent to
the prisoners - Will Mr Moore be pleased to call in the afternoon about the
warrant for his salary?"



Rex v. Charlton. Saxe Bannister, Attorney General of New South Wales,
Macquarie Street, Sydney to W.H. Moore, Solicitor and King's Coroner /
Master of the Crown Office, Sydney, 14 October 1825:

The Attorney General requests Mr. Moore to direct - Charlton a
prisoner, brought up from the Gaol today, to state to the Chief Justice in
court why he wishes to have Capt Gillman present at his trial - and to
oppose it if the reason be not satisfactory to the Chief Justice - The man
is now brought up purposely -

Saxe Bannister, Attorney General of New South Wales, Macquarie Street,
Sydney to W.H. Moore, Solicitor and King's Coroner / Master of the Crown
Office, Sydney, 30 Novr 1825 - re trial of Goff, Brooks and Banks

- " ... the boy Charlton may not be called as a witness until after
the defence when two witnesses may be expected to make statements which
Charlton can contradict - The expected witnesses are accomplices."




4. Report of the trial of Goff, Brooks and Banks in Sydney Gazette,
XXIII, 1161, Thursday, 8 December 1825, page 3. (top)



Supreme Court before the Chief Justice, Wednesday December Seventh. -
John Goff, Thomas Brookes and Joseph (sic) Banks, for a burglary and robbery
in the house of Thomas Aycliffe [Scott], at Port Macquarie. - Death

These prisoners were also admonished by His Honor to prepare for the
fate which awaited them, as he could hold out no hope whatever of a
mitigation of their sentence being extended to them.




5. Letter from T.A. Scott in the Sydney Gazette, XXIII, 1161, Thursday
December 8 1825, page 4. (top)



To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette.

Sir,

The insertion of the following statement, relative to some spurious
matters, which came to the public notice, on the trial of the notorious and
incorrigible Goff yesterday, is requested.

In the abortive defence which he presented to the Court, my public
character and conduct, as regarded the treatment of the prisoners under my
superintendence, was most falsely impugned. With the enlightened and
discerning characters who were present on the occasion, I do not apprehend
the smallest fear that they conceived an idea, in consequence of Goff's
statements, that would in any way, militate against me. Yet, as erroneous
conclusions may by some be entertained against me, I wish briefly to state,
that so far as consistency and my duty towards Government permitted, it has
always been my utmost wish and study to ameliorate the fallen state of the
men under my immediate charge. My system has and will continue to be such,
as to visit the deserving and well behave, with rewards and comforts, which
I believe no other crown prisoners enjoy; these I have effected at a very
considerable expense; and, in consequence of what has been stated, it
affords me pleasure to relate this fact; that the Commandant has frequently
and publicly been pleased to bestow upon me the most flattering
commendations for the healthy, clean, and orderly state of the whole of the
prisoners attached to the plantation establishment, and for the unusually
little trouble he has with them in his Magisterial duties. It is true that
they have to work hard, yet notwithstanding this fact, the greatest
punishment for them would be in being discharged from the establishment. Had
any improprieties existed in my treatment of the men, such conduct would
have speedily come to the knowledge of the Commandant, who frequently visits
the station, and in whose immediate charge and care all the prisoners at
Port Macquarie are placed, and who would not have been so remiss in his
public duty as to neglect to restrain such irregularities, which I am
confidently proud in asserting, have no other ground to support them, than
the accusations of a man the most degraded and infamous.

T.A. Scott. Sydney, December 5, 1825












HUNTER, Hilton. 6 Mar 1915? Left for holiday, bvrother managinh the
business.

HUNTER, James . Stealing 2 coews , calf of Jame sBlair PMN 19 May 1900- one
year in gaol.

HUNTER, John. "Mary" 4, 1833, Surrey 26 Mar 1832, 14 yrs, Pt M 1839, TOL
40/289, reel 935, 4/436 20 Jan 1840; CP 46 14 Sep-altered to Sydney 11 Sep
1841 for so long as he remains in the service of Mr Thomas Dawson Sydney,
42/ 4392

HUNTER, M.A. Storekeeper Wauchope 3 Sep 1904.

HUNTER, Mr. Clerk Commrcial Bank Pt M 28 Feb 1911- to Bellinger River.

HUNTER, Mr. Baker Wauchope PMN 23 Jun 1906.

HUNTER, Mr. New shop Telegraph Point PMN 12 D ec 1914.

HUNTER & LANDRIGAN. 18 May 1912- new car arrives Wauchope.

HUNTER, Norman. Baker Wauchope- 1894- "flour £7/10/- a ton ; "several; years
before he left Wauchope, had a partnership with auctioneering firm with W.
Landrigan, They bought on eof the first cars to be sen in Wauchope- it was a
British Belsize. "the children of Wauchope were allowed to line the roadside
outside the Beechwood school to watch the ca trpass by." A Sydney man was
sent to Wauchopem to teach John Landrigan t5o drive . He tehn became a taxi
driver. The headlights of the car were carbide lamps-late replaced with a
USA "Chalmers".

HUNTER, Norman. Captain Local cricket team-in 1915 Hunter's bakery waqsz
sold to F.Marchment fro £150. included bakeryu, 2 horses, 2 carts, hearness,
scales, tins, yeast jars, 2 peel testers ?, potato mash, sieve and oven
lamp- he na dfamily left Wauchope 1914 after residenc eof 10 years.

HUNTER, Mr. Captain Salvation Army Kempsey

HUNTER, Thomas. Per "Asia", 1820

1824 Oct 18

To be sent to Port Macquarie. On return of fines and punishments in the
Police Office (Reel 6023; 4/6671 p.96)

1824 Oct 28

On list of convicts transported to Port Macquarie per "Sally" (Reel 6019;
4/3864 pp.492-3)

LAWSON, G. Wonn cintract for new wharf at Wauchope, £399, PMN 14 Mar 1896



LAWSON, Julius. Who had been arrested the previous day by Sgt Craw;ey PMN 18
Apr 1903, ande Constable Haddon, was, at the request of the police, remande
dfro 8 days on a charge of carnally knowing a girl named Eva Spicel @ 12.5
years



LAWSON, J. Won contract fro bridge over Christmas Creek £338/15/- PMN 14 Mar
1896



. O'CONNELL Cornelius. "Drinking prohibited hours - fine 10/-.; Drunk -
fine 5/-.

; drunk, Port Macquarie -fine 10/-. "23 Sept 1899; 14 Oct 1899 ; 24 Mar
1900"



O'CONNELL, D Claim by H. Windeyer - $3. People 4



O'CONNELL, K. St Thomas Sunday School prize. 6 Oct 1900

O'CONNELL Norah Jane "In Mem notice - short poem - see N3/p21.
Died aged 6 yrs 30 Nov 1903. In Mem." "People 2; People 5" , W.
San Croix Cricket team 1882-PMN 1 Oct 1882.

ROGAN, A.G "Shop, Horton Street - see advert Windeyer - saddle &
harness maker near News Office." 6 June 1914

ROGAN, A.J "Port Macquarie, son Cecil sits naval exam." 14 Nov
1914

ROGAN , Cecil St. Thomas concert - won Bursary. 27 Feb 1915

ROGAN, H.J Bought wheelwright business of O.C.Ochs.
11 Jan 1913

ROGAN, John. Per "Bencoolen", 1819

1822 Jul 22

Servant to Mr Wills of Bunbury Curran; to be sent to Port Macquarie for
three years. On return of proceedings of the Bench of Magistrates,
Parramatta (Fiche 3297; X643 p.21)

ROGAN, W "Sec. Progress Assoc, Central Pappenbarra."
28 July 1917


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