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From: steven perkins <>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Genetics of the Jews
Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2010 11:47:48 -0400
References: <09a501cb03f4$f2af0110$d80d0330$@org><549278.3980.qm@web52108.mail.re2.yahoo.com>
In-Reply-To: <549278.3980.qm@web52108.mail.re2.yahoo.com>


Here is the Abstract:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B8JDD-50761DW-2&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F03%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=245b596a56fa36a913282f6953db947f


doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Copyright © 2010 The American Society of Human Genetics Published by
Elsevier Inc.
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Article

Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora
Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle
Eastern Ancestry
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References and further reading may be available for this article. To
view references and further reading you must purchase this article.

Gil Atzmon1, 2, 6, Li Hao3, 6, 7, Itsik Pe'er4, 6, Christopher Velez3,
Alexander Pearlman3, Pier Francesco Palamara4, Bernice Morrow2, Eitan
Friedman5, Carole Oddoux3, Edward Burns1 and Harry Ostrer3,
Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding
Author

1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,
NY 10461, USA

2 Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,
NY 10461, USA

3 Human Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, New York
University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA

4 Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA

5 The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, the Danek Gertner
Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621,
Tel-Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University,
69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
Received 10 February 2010;
revised 18 April 2010;
accepted 21 April 2010.
Published online: June 3, 2010.
Available online 3 June 2010.

For more than a century, Jews and non-Jews alike have tried to define
the relatedness of contemporary Jewish people. Previous genetic
studies of blood group and serum markers suggested that Jewish groups
had Middle Eastern origin with greater genetic similarity between
paired Jewish populations. However, these and successor studies of
monoallelic Y chromosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers did not
resolve the issues of within and between-group Jewish genetic
identity. Here, genome-wide analysis of seven Jewish groups (Iranian,
Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek, and Ashkenazi) and comparison
with non-Jewish groups demonstrated distinctive Jewish population
clusters, each with shared Middle Eastern ancestry, proximity to
contemporary Middle Eastern populations, and variable degrees of
European and North African admixture. Two major groups were identified
by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD)
analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD
segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and
to southern European populations suggested similar origins for
European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of
Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation
of Ashkenazi Jewry. Rapid decay of IBD in Ashkenazi Jewish genomes was
consistent with a severe bottleneck followed by large expansion, such
as occurred with the so-called demographic miracle of population
expansion from 50,000 people at the beginning of the 15th century to
5,000,000 people at the beginning of the 19th century. Thus, this
study demonstrates that European/Syrian and Middle Eastern Jews
represent a series of geographical isolates or clusters woven together
by shared IBD genetic threads.
Article Outline

Introduction
Material and Methods

Recruitment and Genotyping of Jewish Populations
DNA Preparation for SNP Array Analysis
Genotyping
Reference Populations

HGDP Data Set
PopRes Data Set

Fst, Observed Heterozygosity, and Phylogenetic Analysis
Principal Component and STRUCTURE Analysis
Differences between Subgroups Pairwise Fst, IBS, and ANOVA
CNV Analysis
IBD Discovery
Inference of Population History
Statistical Analyses of Interpopulation Differences and Neighbor Joining Trees
GERMLINE Analysis

Genotype Extension
Filtering Regions for Informative SNPs
Sharing Densities
Sharing Graphs
Sharing Statistics
Sharing between Remote Relatives
Selecting Loci with Significantly Excessive Sharing

Results

Jewish Populations Form Distinctive Clusters with Genetic Proximity to
European and Middle Eastern Groups
Jewish Communities Show High Levels of IBD
Frequent IBD between Different Jewish Populations Reflects Their
Genetic Proximity
Specific Regions of the Genome Are Frequently Shared between Jewish Populations
Timing of the Middle Eastern-European Jewish Divergence

Discussion
Acknowledgements
Supplemental Data
Web Resources
References



Thumbnail image

Figure 1. Principal Component Analysis of Jewish and Non-Jewish Populations

Principal components analysis of Jewish populations in a global (A)
and regional context (B, PC1 versus PC2; C, PC1 versus PC3) CNVs (D,
PC1 versus PC3). ASH, Ashkenazi Jews; IRN, Iranian Jews; IRQ, Iraqi
Jews; SYR, Syrian Jews; ITJ, Italian Jews; GRK, Greek Jews; TUR,
Turkey Jews. N. Italian is a combined set comprising Bergamo and
Tuscan Italians. In (A), Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations are in
blue, Jewish populations are in brown, and European populations are in
red.

View Within Article



Thumbnail image

Figure 2. STRUCTURE and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jewish Populations

(A) STRUCTURE results for K = 2 to 6 for Jewish populations combined
with selected HGDP worldwide populations. Each individual is
represented by a vertical line, partitioned into colored segments that
correspond to membership coefficients in the subgroups. The analysis
is based on 3904 SNPs with potentially high informativeness in
revealing population structure (see Material and Methods).

(B) Expanded view of STRUCTURE results for Jewish populations for K = 4 to 6.

(C) Neighbor-joining tree of Jewish, European, and Israel non-Jews
populations with Central/Southern African population as outgroup.
Pairwise Fst distances were used for constructing the tree. Major
population groups are indicated by right bracket. 500 bootstrap
replications were performed to obtain confidence value for each
interior node. Only bootstrap values above 50% are shown.

View Within Article

Full article is in the Science Direct database.

Steven C. Perkins


On Fri, Jun 4, 2010 at 11:18 AM, ellen Levy <> wrote:
> Does anyone have access to the full study?  If so, I would greatly appreciate it if you could contact me.  Thank you.
>
> Ellen Coffman
>
>


--
Steven C. Perkins
http://stevencperkins.com/
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