RootsWeb: LAIBERIA-L Re: [Q-R] French Colonization

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From: "Augie August" <>
Subject: Re: [Q-R] French Colonization
Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2005 20:54:56 -0500
References: <198.40cbb5e4.2fdcd6c5@aol.com>

this was posted on the quebec list by bill fleming, alice French colonization of the Americas North America The French established _colonies across the New World_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_colonial_empire<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_colonial_empire>;) in the 17th century. They were developed to export sugar and furs among other products. Explorers and settlers from _France_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France>;) settled in what is now _Canada_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada>;) , the Mississippi Valley and along the Gulf coast in what is now _Alabama_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama>;) , _Mississippi_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi>;) and _Louisiana_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana>;) founding the cities of _Quebec_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City>;) , _Montreal_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal>;) , _Detroit, Michigan_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan>;) , _St. Louis, Missouri_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri>;) , _Mobile, Alabama_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama>;) , _Biloxi, Mississippi_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi>;) , _Baton Rouge_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baton_Rouge<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baton_Rouge>;) , _Louisiana_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana>;) and _New Orleans_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans>;) , _Louisiana_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana>;) . The first French attempt at colonization was _Fort Caroline_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Caroline<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Caroline>;) in _1564_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1564<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1564>;) , made by _Huguenots_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenots<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenots>;) . This colony was destroyed the next year by the Spanish from nearby _Saint Augustine_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Augustine,_Florida<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Augustine,_Florida>;) . The next attempt came in _1598_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1598<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1598>;) on _Sable Island_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sable_Island<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sable_Island>;) , southeast of present _Nova Scotia_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia>;) . This colony went unsupplied and the 12 survivors returned to France in 1605. The next and first successful colony was _Acadia_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia>;) founded in _1604_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1604<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1604>;) with the settlement of _Saint Croix Island_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island_(Maine<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island_(Maine>;)) . Settlement of Acadia later centered around Port Royal, now _Annapolis_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,_Nova_Scotia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,_Nova_Scotia>;) . The French were very interested in the _fur trade_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indian_Trade<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indian_Trade>;) and purchased fur from and formed alliances with _Native American_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American>;) tribes such as the _Huron_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huron<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huron>;) and _Ottawa_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_tribe<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_tribe>;) . They actively engaged in warfare with the traditional enemies of the Hurons and Ottawas, the _Iroquois_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois>;) . French _Jesuits_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit>;) also attempted to _Christianize_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianize<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianize>;) many native groups through the establishment of missions such as _Sainte-Marie among the Hurons_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Marie_among_the_Hurons<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Marie_among_the_Hurons>;) . France once held vast possessions in North America including the _Mississippi_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River>;) and _St. Lawrence river_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_River<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_River>;) valleys and the _Great Lakes_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes>;) region. Quebec was founded in 1608 and Montreal in 1642. _New France_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France>;) had 2500 settlers by 1666. The colony grew slowly, in part because religious minorities were not permitted to settle; New France was to be solely Roman Catholic. The first French attempt to colonize the Mississippi area was a failure. Having explored the Mississippi valey to its mouth, from the direction of _Canada_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada>;) , in the North, in 1682, _Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle>;) named the great central belt of territory _Louisiane_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France>;)) in honour of Louis XIV of France. In 1684, he left France with 4 ships and 300 colonists to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi. The expedition was plagued by pirates, hostile Indians and poor navigation. They set up _Fort Saint Louis_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Saint_Louis&action=edit<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Saint_Louis&action=edit>;) , near _Victoria, Texas_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Texas<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Texas>;) . The colony lasted only until 1688 when local Indians massacred the 20 remaining adults and took 5 children as captives. The colony of _Louisiana_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana>;) was ultimately founded in _1699_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1699<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1699>;) and its capital, New Orleans, in 1718. France soon came into conflict with Great Britain whose colonies bordered French colonies in several places. This led to the _French and Indian Wars_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars>;) . Following the French defeat in the Seven Years' War, the _Treaty of Paris_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763>;)) of _February 10_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10>;) , _1763_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1763<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1763>;) , divided French territory on the North American continent between the British and the Spanish. The sole exception was the islands of _St. Pierre and Miquelon_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Pierre_and_Miquelon<http://en.wikipediaorg/wiki/St._Pierre_and_Miquelon>;) off the Canadian coast, retained as a fishing outpost. The French were able to briefly regain some of their former possessions in North America from the Spanish in 1800, during the _Napoleonic Era_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Era<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Era>;) , under the Treaty of San Ildefonse. However, France did not have the navy to resupply its North American holdings - the blockade of the French Empire was a key part of British strategy against Napoleon - and because France did not want its possessions to fall into the hands of the British, _Napoleon_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France>;) sold this colonial Louisiana to the _United States_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States>;) , a sale referred to as the _Louisiana Purchase_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase>;) . The date of this was _3 May_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_3<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_3>;) _1803_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1803<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1803>;) and the fee, 15 million dolars, a considerable sum for the young American state. However, the land was extensive - from New Orleans to Montana - and from British colonial days, French Louisiana had begun to seem a constraint on the potential for expansion beyond the Appalachians. The purchase opened the way for the nineteenth century settlers. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon are France's only remaining possessions north of the Caribbean. Caribbean Islands _Haiti_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti>;) , called Saint-Domingue by the French, was first settled in _1625_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1625<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1625>;) with French rights confirmed by the Spanish in the _Treaty of Ryswick_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ryswick<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ryswick>;) in 1697. It became independent of France in 1804. _Martinique_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique>;) first settled by the French in July _1635_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1635<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1635>;) by Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, a noble from _Normandy_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy>;) . It remains a French overseas department. _Guadeloupe_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe>;) including the islands of Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Les Saintes, La Désirade, Marie-Galante and Guadeloupe was settled by the French about 1635 after an unsuccessful Spanish attempt at colonization. It remains a French overseas department. Guadeloupe and Martinique were captured by the British during the French and Indian War from 1759 to 1763. The French regained the islands at the end of the war in exchange for all of Canada--a sign of the importance of the sugar trade in that era. _Saint Lucia_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia>;) was founded by the French in _1650_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650>;) . It changed hands between the British and French 14 times before 1814, after which it remained in British hands. _Dominica_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica>;) , called Dominique in French, was a French colony until it was ceded to the British in 1763. _Grenada_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada>;) was founded in 1650 and remained a French colony until 1762 when it was captured by the British during the _Seven Years War_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years_War<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years_War>;) . It was recaptured by the French in 1779 during the _American Revolutionary War_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War>;) but returned in 1783 in _Treaty of Paris_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783>;)) . _Tobago_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobago<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobago>;) was a French colony before being captured by British in 1762. _Saint Croix_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Croix<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Croix>;) was a French possession from 1650 to 1733, when it was sold to Denmark. South America _French Guiana_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana>;) was first settled by the French in 1604. It remains an overseas department of France. From _1555_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555>;) to _1567_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1567<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1567>;) , French Huguenots under the leadership of vice-admiral _Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Durand_de_Villegaignon<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Durand_de_Villegaignon>;) made an attempt to establish the _France Antarctique_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Antarctique<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Antarctique>;) in _Brazil_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil>;) , but were expelled. From _1612_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1612<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1612>;) to _1615_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1615<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1615>;) , a new failed attempt was made in _São Luís_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Lu<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Lu>;) , Brazil. ==== QUEBEC-RESEARCH Mailing List ==== Easy on list uncle also..he's always on the lookout making sure that we all behave<g> and have fun!! He's just a kid, go see him at: http://www.ofoto.com/I.jsp?m=46372445103.44099125703&n=1356657918<http://www.ofoto.com/I.jsp?m=46372445103.44099125703&n=1356657918>; Q-R kids, you will meet him among the old, the not so old and the new KIDS <g> You can submit your photos and see all the happy listers at: the Q-R list New Photo Album at : http://www.ofoto.com/I.jsp?m=46372445103.21099125703&n=81073745<http://www.ofoto.com/I.jsp?m=46372445103.21099125703&n=81073745>; ============================== Search Family and Local Histories for stories about your family and the areas they lived. Over 85 million names added in the last 12 months. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13966/rd.ashx<http://www.ancestry.com/s13966/rd.ashx>;

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Re: [Q-R] French Colonization by "Augie August" <>