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From: "I am who I have always been." <>
Subject: [Pittman] PORTIA MARSHALL WASHINGTON PITTMAN
Date: Thu, 8 Mar 2001 23:04:54 -0500


The Handbook of Texas On-Line
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/PP/fpime.html
Peggy Hardman

PITTMAN, PORTIA MARSHALL WASHINGTON (1883-1978). Portia Washington Pittman,
musician and teacher, was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on June 6, 1883, the only
daughter of Booker T. and Fanny (Smith) Washington. Her father was the founder
of Tuskegee Institute. Upon her mother's death in 1884, Portia's care came from
nursemaids and two stepmothers. Already a fairly accomplished pianist by the age
of ten, she entertained her family by playing spirituals and simple classical
pieces. Washington arranged for her to attend New England's finest boarding
schools, including Framingham State Normal School in Massachusetts in 1895.
After grammar school she returned home to take classes at Tuskegee Institute,
and in 1901 she attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts. In New England she
continued her piano studies and received a degree from the Bradford Academy (now
Bradford Junior College) in 1905, the first black to obtain a degree from that
institution. Upon graduation Portia traveled to Berlin to study under Martin
Krause, master pianist and former student of Franz Liszt. Complicating her time
in Europe, however, were the persistent attentions of William Sidney Pittman,qv
a Tuskegee student and teacher she had met in 1900. Now, five years later,
Pittman determined to marry Portia, and persuaded her through a passionate
correspondence. Portia sacrificed her piano studies, returned to the United
States, and married Sidney Pittman on Halloween, 1907, in the chapel of Tuskegee
Institute.

Pittman decided that he and Portia should begin afresh in Washington, D.C. There
he set up an architectural practice and built their home in Fairmont Heights,
Maryland. Between 1908 and 1912 Portia gave birth to her three children. Portia
made her concert debut in a joint recital with Clarence Cameron White in May
1908 in Washington, and periodically toured on a concert circuit. Despite family
happiness, money problems plagued the Pittmans. Sidney's architectural contracts
dried up, and Portia began giving private piano lessons in order to maintain the
family income. Pittman's vanity was wounded by his wife's having to work as well
as by her family's fame. He moved the family in 1913 to Dallas, Texas, where he
thought Booker T. Washington's shadow would be less oppressive. They settled on
Juliette Street. After Pittman's contracts again dropped off, partly because
Dallas blacks who could afford his services preferred to hire white architects,
financial difficulties again plagued Portia's life. On November 14, 1915, her
father died. A fire in 1918 destroyed the Pittmans' second Dallas home on
Germania Street, and they moved to Liberty Street. Improvement in the family's
fortunes began at this time, however, and continued for nearly ten years.
Pittman became the president of the Brotherhood of Negro Building Mechanics of
Texas, and Portia began teaching music at Booker T. Washington High School in
1925. She also chaired the education department of the Texas Association of
Negro Musicians. In March 1927 the National Education Association held its
annual convention in Dallas. Almost 7,500 teachers attended. A 600-voice choir
from Booker T. Washington High School, under Portia's direction, sang a medley
of popular and spiritual songs. It was the first time in history that a black
high school group had appeared on the NEA program. Tremendous applause and cries
of "encore" rose after the performance, and a spontaneous sing-along erupted as
audience and choir together sang spirituals and folk songs. NEA president
Randall J. Condon, a Los Angeles, California, principal, judged the performance
a "complete success." Later that summer Portia traveled to Columbia University
in order to acquire academic credentials to allow her to continue teaching in
the Dallas public schools.

In 1928 a violent quarrel between Pittman and his daughter, Fannie, culminated
in his striking the girl. Portia packed, took Fannie, and left Pittman and
Texas. She began teaching at Tuskegee that same year. Her classes included
piano, public school music, glee club, and choir. Tuskegee had changed, however,
since her father s death. The new administration demanded that all faculty
members have academic degrees in order to teach. Lacking such credentials,
Portia was removed from the faculty by 1939, but opened her own private music
studio in her home in order to support herself. In 1944, at age sixtyone, she
retired. She now dedicated herself to a campaign to have her father's Virginia
birthplace preserved as a national monument. Before the success of that effort
in May 1949, her efforts to memorialize her father bore fruit on May 23, 1946,
when a bust of her father was installed in the Hall of Fame in New York, and
also on August 7, 1946, when President Harry Truman signed a bill "authorizing
the minting of five million Booker T. Washington commemorative fiftycent
coins." She also oversaw the establishment of the Booker T. Washington
Foundation to provide academic scholarships for black students. Though she had
resolved to leave Texas behind her, she traveled to Dallas one last time to
attend the funeral of her former husband, who died on February 19, 1958.
Although Portia suffered financial and health problems during the last years of
her life, she remained interested in the ongoing effort of black Americans to
acquire their civil rights. She was heartened by the rediscovery of black
history during the 1960s and the assurance that her father would be remembered
as a great African-American leader. She died on February 26, 1978, in
Washington, D.C.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Eileen Southern, Biographical Dictionary of Afro-American and
African Musicians (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1982). Ruth Ann Stewart,
Portia: The Life of Portia Washington Pittman, the Daughter of Booker T.
Washington (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1977).



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